Studies shown that star anise can produce positive changes in hypertensive animals fed high fat diet.The spice extract reduced weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels (LDL type). By affecting estrogen in the body, anise might decrease the effects of tamoxifen. Both star anise and anise are different spices, but they do possess some of the same phytonutrients such as anethole and linalool. Finally, star anise is a fragrant spice, and some people may be allergic or develop allergies to ingredients responsible for the licorice type aroma and/or taste. [2]. Some star anise products may be packaged and contaminated with trace amounts of Japanese star anise. Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) Check the label of your cold or allergy medication to see if it contains a decongestant. Deli meats and sausages are known for their high sodium and fat content, which are detrimental to arterial health and overall blood circulation. Star anise is a good source of minerals including copper, iron, calcium, potassium, manganese, selenium, zinc, and magnesium. And can be used to aid digestion and ease constipation. View abstract. [56] These compounds are also referred to as, Star anise is an effective sedative agent producing a calming effect, relieving stress and anxiety. Dieta para bajar la tensin alta hipertensin. [8,26,36], Traditionally star anise seeds were also used to produce oils. Licorice contains glycyrrhizinic acid, which sets off a well-understood chain reaction of biochemical events in the body resulting in high blood pressure. This includes fighting harmful mold and yeast strains such as. J Food Prot. Too much alcohol increases blood pressure. But some licorice candies do indeed still contain unmodified licorice. These results are in accordance with previous studies, which reveal that the liquorice-induced hormonal changes can be measured as soon as 1 week after the start of consumption of 100 g of liquorice.". This amino acid is an important controller of many systems, regulating activity of muscles, hormones and nervous tissues. Aniseed oil increases glucose absorption and reduces urine output in the rat. The key here is that the glycyrrhizinic acid in licorice deactivates the protective enzyme in the kidney. We currently have no information for ANISE overview. Nat Toxins 1997;5:186-92. A double-blind randomized clinical trial. This is to help remove phlegm. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. View abstract. The effects of star anise on hormone levels are widely studied, as it can have quite a powerful effect on both men and women. View abstract. 6. Anise seed Teas made with anise seeds may increase your blood pressure dramatically, and even provoke a heart attack in extreme cases. 1991;54(5):1416-1418. With time, the popularity of star anise spread across different regions. View abstract. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses of archangelicin from the seeds of Angelica archangelica. Some of these vitamins come in high concentrations and are strong antioxidants (like vitamins E and C). Karapinar, M. Inhibitory effects of anethole and eugenol on the growth and toxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus. Anise has long been used as a remedy for minor ailments. WebAnise contains chemicals that might have estrogen -like effects, decrease swelling, and help fight off insects. If caught in time, taking potassium supplements and avoiding licorice can quickly return the body to healthy functioning. Numerous studies revealed that star anise phytonutrients have significantly decreased oxidative stress and inhibited cancer progression in diseased animals.[48]. View abstract. Cheers, Dupi. The influence of essential oil of aniseed (Pimpinella anisum, L.) on drug effects on the central nervous system. aldosterone, blood, high blood pressure, hypertension, hypokalemia, licorice, liquorice, potassium. [45]. [2]. Star anise has the highest concentration of shikimic acid from all the plants in the world. For someone who loves eating licorice or someone who is taking daily herbal pills with licorice, overdosing is very easy. Some of these symptoms may lead to health conditions including osteoporosis and heart disease. Planta Med 2004;70:279-81. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. This spice is low on the glycemic index with an impressive amount of powerful antioxidants which effect blood sugar levels. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. View abstract. Research has shown that star anise extract helps regulate weight, blood pressure and fat levels in the bloodstream and prevents plaque buildup in arteries. As star anise is more prominent spice in the east, majority of research based evidence is driven from Asia. One or two drops of star anise oil can regulate insulin sensitivity. J Ethnopharmacol 2016;194:937-946. } window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { Harvard Health Publishing. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about over-the-counter cold products made for people who have high blood pressure. Wuthrich, B. and Dietschi, R. [The celery-carrot-mugwort-condiment syndrome: skin test and RAST results]. Its ability to decrease bloating and settle the digestive tract still is used today, especially in pediatrics. Habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure: an epidemiological perspective. Koch, C., Reichling, J., Schneele, J., and Schnitzler, P. Inhibitory effect of essential oils against herpes simplex virus type 2. Picon, P. D., Picon, R. V., Costa, A. F., Sander, G. B., Amaral, K. M., Aboy, A. L., and Henriques, A. T. Randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, and Cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation. Greek plant extracts exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like properties. Brimming with potent antioxidants, star anise may be able to help reduce oxidative stress, prevent the buildup of harmful free radicals and help enhance heart health. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. View abstract. Bioresour.Technol. The minds high state of engagement increases epinephrine levels stimulating senses and inhibiting sleep. A 45-day anethole treatment increased insulin production and improved overall hyperglycaemia (high blood-sugar levels), cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). This might increase the effects and side effects of diazepam. View abstract. The spice is vitamin and mineral rich and the essential oils are packed with powerful polyphenols like anethole, linalool, estragole, pipene and limonene. Information provided by this website or this company is not a substitute for individual medical advice. It also contains a chemical called shikimic acid, which is used to make oseltamivir ( Tamiflu ), a flu treatment. Although research is limited, some studies have turned up promising results on the potential benefits of this spice on heart health. Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) Check the label of your cold or allergy medication to see if it contains a decongestant. Taking anise along with estrogen pills might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen pills. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. https://dupischai.com/product/elevate-looseleaf/. [11] Yu, L., Guo, N., Yang, Y., Wu, X., Meng, R., Fan, J., Ge, F., Wang, X., Liu, J., and Deng, X. Microarray analysis of p-anisaldehyde-induced transcriptome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yes. View abstract. However, more and more women are concerned with negative side effects of pharmaceutical drugs and hormones and focus their search for natural / herbal remedies. Sheldon G. Sheps, M.D. View abstract. [23,24], While many fruits and vegetables offer generous amounts of antioxidants that boost immunity and reduce the risk of infection, none do it quite like star anise. Select a condition to view a list of vitamins. WebAnise is well known as a carminative and an expectorant. A good replacement for traditional cheese is a variety without added sodium, which you can now find fairly easily in most grocery stores. Antimicrobial activities of some local medicinal plants. View abstract. Andersen, K. E. Contact allergy to toothpaste flavors. Flavour Ind. This might reduce how well acetaminophen works. The body is a complex machine which creates, transforms, stores and breaks down various compounds and cellular components through vast network of biochemical pathways. Vulvar Varicosities: What Are They and How Are They Treated? [26] Such polyphenols possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, making such oils popular in aromatherapy and relieving respiratory infections. Occupational protein contact dermatitis from spices in a butcher: a new presentation of the mugwort-spice syndrome. These can include an upset stomach, gas, a runny nose, and can also help someone develop a more productive cough. View abstract. Todays science confirms antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiseptic abilities of this unique spice. Spices come in all shapes and sizes, and star anise is great example of that. Star anise extract can stop the growth of gram negative bacteria such as, Star anise also contains mighty anti-fungal benefits. This may be tolerable for an adult, but may produce adverse symptoms in infants. Comparison of aniseeds and coriander seeds for antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities. View abstract. [3,6,57-61], The UV radiation from sun exposure damages skin cells and is one of the environmental factors of oxidative stress within the body, raising the risk for skin related conditions and cancers. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;74:83-8. Womens body changes during the onset of menopause, with lower production of estrogen and ending of ovulation and menses. In high doses, it is used as an antispasmodic and an antiseptic and for the treatment of cough, asthma, and bronchitis. Always contact a health professional for your specific needs. It can also be used as a diuretic to improve the flow of urine. A 2018 study on yeast cells found that star anise may have anti-diabetic properties because of its polyphenols. Large amounts of anise might have some of the same effects as estrogen. Effectiveness of anise oil for treatment of mild to moderate depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized active and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Kosalec, I., Pepeljnjak, S., and Kustrak, D. Antifungal activity of fluid extract and essential oil from anise fruits (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae). J Herb Pharmacother 2003;3:41-54. Hi, Thank you for the comment! Star anise aromatic and sweet flavour made it popular amongst Asian and South Asian cuisines. Dopamine blocks another hormone prolactin, which stimulates breast milk production. Essential oil of star anise is packed with anethole, the compound which is able to mimic estrogen and produce some of its effects. [37] We were unable to find research directly investigating this biochemical process, however some studies suspect anathole and its ability to mimic bodys chemicals, messengers and hormones. 2008;195(4):537-545. | Copyright 2018-2019 DUPIsCHAI | All Rights Reserved, Heart Health Regulates Blood Pressure and Circulation, Brain Health and Combat Neurological Disorders, Star anise is often confused with aniseed (a relative of the fennel plant) as both possess sweet, black licorice-like scent, and essential oils for both seeds contain an active compound, Numerous active compounds within star anise contribute to an extensive list of health benefits and have been used by Asian traditional medicines for centuries. Dtsch.Med Wochenschr 6-22-1984;109(25):981-986. Food Chem.Toxicol 2002;40(11):1669-1675. J Pharm.Pharmacol. Fundacin Espaola del Corazn. Limonene is a big part of citrus fruit essential oils, but also found in star anise. Benefits of Anise OTHER NAME(S): Anis, Ans, Anis Vert, Aniseed, Anise Essential Oi. [3] Spices containing anethole (such as star anise, fennel and anise seed) shown to decrease menopause symptoms. Our diet is one of the most influential factors when it comes to high blood pressure. Sometimes new mothers have difficult time producing milk after childbirth. Al Mofleh, I. [53] GABA (gamma-Aminobutyric acid) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter within the central nervous system (CNS). Analgesic studies on some Iraqi medicinal plants. Most snack foods on the market usually contain a lot of sodium and fatsthat are bad for the body. If you have high blood pressure, it's best to avoid decongestants. Mosaffa-Jahromi M, Lankarani KB, Pasalar M, et al. The active compounds that carry sweet smell and taste profiles also possess many medicinal attributes. Phytomedicine 2008;15(1-2):71-78. It can also be used as a diuretic to improve the flow of urine. Soliman, K. M. and Badeaa, R. I. Star anise is fruitful in treating digestive disorders like constipation, nausea, menopausal symptoms, insomnia, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar levels. Anise seed Teas made with anise seeds may increase your blood pressure dramatically, and even provoke a heart attack in extreme cases. Its best to choose lean meats like chicken or turkey (both without the skin), rabbit, veal, and others. Today, high blood pressure is a very common disease. J Res Med Sci 2015;20:13-21. Report of a Case: 53-year-old man suffered shortness of breath, ankle edema, increasing abdominal girth, weight gain, headache, and weakness for one week. The synergistic preservative effects of the essential oils of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against acid-tolerant food microflora. Anethole shown to be a powerful antidepressant by interacting with these very same neural pathways, increasing norepinephrine and serotonin levels. Lets take a closer look into the powers of this exotically, common spice. He had been in excellent health, was taking no medications, and had never been previously hospitalized. forms: { Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(4):195-198. Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction between essential oil of aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae) and acetaminophen and caffeine: A potential risk for clinical practice. } If you have high blood pressure, it's best to avoid decongestants. View abstract. The end results of licorice overdose are high blood pressure, muscle cramping, muscle pain, muscle weakness, heart arrhythmias, constipation, impaired breathing, and even paralysis and heart failure. Iran J Pharm Res 2012;11:1079-85. The found research used spices of similar chemical profiles such as anise and fennel which are more popular in the Western countriesall contain similar active compounds with star anise, including anethole. [57], Star anise is an effective sedative agent producing a calming effect, relieving stress and anxiety. In 1578, British sailor Thomas Cavendish brought star shaped fruits from Philippines to Europe, unaware that they originated from southern China. Taking anise oil with fluoxetine might reduce how well fluoxetine works. window.mc4wp.listeners.push( Because star anise is chock full of antioxidants, it can help reduce oxidative stress in the heart, promoting a healthier cardiovascular system. Astani, A., Reichling, J., and Schnitzler, P. Screening for Antiviral Activities of Isolated Compounds from Essential Oils. One of the best and most insightful, informative articles I have ever had the pleasure of reading . One or two drops of star anise oil can regulate insulin sensitivity. Step To Health This website publishes free articles on natural remedies, physical and mental health, and how to take care of your body. 2012 2023 . } The in vivo pediculicidal efficacy of a natural remedy. The star anise tree is fairly small but grows year round bearing fruit usually in the autumn. View abstract. Often steeped as tea, star anises phytonutrients with potent anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties were consumed through a warm drink, elevating heart health and circulation throughout the body. 2010;37(3):313-322. Also, Europeans used star anise fragrant properties to produce a variety of liquors including Greek Ouzo, Italian Galliano, French Pernod and Pastis and Swiss Absinthe. [1]. Acta Pharm 2004;54:277-85. Pourgholami MH, Majzoob S, Javadi M, et al. [55] The main essential oil ingredient anethole has similar chemical size to dopamine and able to replicate some of its effect. This famous terpene is strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound which is found in many plants. [45], Trans-anethole is the main active compound shown to reduce number of inflammatory causing cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and, Other essential oil compounds include: linoleic acid, palmitic acid, anisaldehyde, estragole, limonene, pipene, and alpha-terpineol;[3,6], these compounds can decrease inflammation of muscles, joints and skin by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. All rights reserved. [19] Anethole and other essential oil ingredients (like alpha-terpinene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene and, estragole linalool) together with versions of shikimic acid create a long lasting control of different cockroach, mite and other insect populations. Star anise among other spices has been used for centuries as a popular choice. Many popular candies that are labeled as "licorice" these days either contain no true licorice (they contain artificial flavors instead) or have the glycyrrhizinic acid deliberately removed from the licorice. Consumption of licorice (liquorice) can lead to dangerously high blood pressure and dangerously low potassium levels (hypokalemia). A 2018 study on yeast cells found that star anise may have anti-diabetic properties because of its polyphenols. 1 Learn More: Supplements for Diabetes 1 Source By Cathy Wong Cathy Wong is a nutritionist and wellness expert. Journal of Drug Research (Egypt) 2002;24:179-186. J Res Med Sci 2014;19:1118-23. For example, the main component anethole mimics estrogen, which may produce some hormonal imbalances within the body. Studies shown that star anise can produce positive changes in hypertensive animals fed high fat diet.The spice extract reduced weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels (LDL type). Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, et al. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about over-the-counter cold products made for people who have high blood pressure. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about over-the-counter cold products made for people who have high blood pressure. It grows in the Mediterranean, Spain, West Asia, Mexico, Egypt, and the Middle East. [3,40], Diabetes results from chronic high blood-sugar levels, where the body is unable to fully utilize carbohydrate metabolism. [3,6,45,48]. Anethole who can attach itself to dopamine receptors, blocks dopamine from attaching but without the hormonal effect. Star anise has been part of traditional medicines for centuries and deemed safe to consume. You can reduce your consumption of these products to small quantities, or you can opt to use olive oil as an alternative. Linalool increases production of vitamin-E, another powerful antioxidant. Regular consumption of real licorice can cause dangerously high blood pressure. Prajapati, V., Tripathi, A. K., Aggarwal, K. K., and Khanuja, S. P. Insecticidal, repellent and oviposition-deterrent activity of selected essential oils against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. 2019;236:155-160. Avoid eating fried foods, salted nuts, potato chips, French fries, pretzel sticks, and other similar snacks. This imbalance of free radicals is often referred to as oxidative stress. Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) Check the label of your cold or allergy medication to see if it contains a decongestant. Just one tablespoon (7 grams) contains:[64]. 3-16-1985;115(11):258-264. 2010;10:17. Star anise also contains an extensive list of vitamins such as Vitamin-A, vitamin-E, vitamin-C as well as many B-complex (thiamin, pyridoxine, riboflavin and niacin). PMID: 24239922. Alcohol behaves as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can cause cellular damage, including the thinning of the stomach lining. Thank you Gerry! Other habits you should avoid Dont drink alcoholic beverages. View abstract. WebStar anise seeds contain chemicals that might have antibacterial effects. Trans-anethole in other spices shown to lighten the skin and reduce blemishes by decreasing melanogenesis (production of melanin from sun exposure). The maximal blood pressure rise is reached after the first 2 weeks. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. In studies, the herb helped reduce hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and hyperlipidemia (high fats in your blood). Fitoterapia 2012;83:1466-73. [42] HbA1c is formed when glucose attaches to hemoglobin of the red blood cell (RBC). Some experiments have observed that these potent molecules can boost or lower blood sugar levels. View abstract. Please be advised that we dont offer any medical or health related advise. [3,6] Studies shown that active compounds like trans-anethole reduced the frequency, length and intensity of epileptic seizures in an animal model. Association with mango allergy?]. The trade mark star shaped fruit capsules carry a licorice-like taste, making up main ingredients of spice powders, masalas and curry mixes in many Asian dishes. Thats whypeople who have high blood pressureshould start leading a healthier lifestyle that helps them control the problem, before it begins to seriously affect their health. 1 Learn More: Supplements for Diabetes 1 Source By Cathy Wong Cathy Wong is a nutritionist and wellness expert. However, star anise shares many of the active compounds with other well researched spices such as fennel, cinnamon, cloves and anise seed. The mechanisms involved are extremely complex, but scientists suspect that star anises phytochemicals interact with sodium-potassium (Na+ K+) pumps and GABA (both A and B) receptors creating neural excitation reducing overall seizures. Consumption of licorice (liquorice) can lead to dangerously high blood pressure and dangerously low potassium levels (hypokalemia). event : evt, The body breaks down diazepam to get rid of it. Star anise is rich in vitamin C and vitamin Astrong antioxidants that reduce oxidative damage in cells. Samojlik I, Mijatovic V, Petkovic S, et al. Isr Med Assoc J 2002;4:790-3. View abstract. Coffee and your blood pressure. In a healthy person, the kidney excretes excess potassium into the urine in response to the hormone aldosterone. Assessment of antidepressant-like, anxiolytic effects and impact on memory of Pimpinella anisum L. total extract on Swiss albino mice. It attacks cancer in two ways: The ancient cultures of China, Persia and India used star anise like spices to treat variety of diseases. Number of pharmaceutical treatments including hormone replacement therapy are available as valid options. But, when ROS levels rise, they react and steal electrons from compounds within cells, damaging and destabilizing structural integrity. [2-4]. Star anise essential oil has a soothing licorice like smell producing an aromatherapeutic effect. Needless to say, further licorice was withheld. DMU research on healthiest cooking oils revealed on BBCs Trust Me, Im a Doctor. Category: Health Published: September 3, 2013. World J Gastroenterol. WebAnise is well known as a carminative and an expectorant. Australas.J Dermatol. At no time can they serve to facilitate or replace the diagnoses, treatments, or recommendations of a professional. Rajeshwari U, Shobha I, Andallu B. Star anise is the star shaped fruit that grows on a tree scientifically called Illicium verum. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017;22:41-46. Damaged cells and tissues trigger greater immune response through inflammation to stop and repair the free radical damage. [39], Decreased bone loss, or osteoporosis is another hallmark symptom of menopause. Acta Pharm 2005;55(4):377-385. Our immune system uses free radicals as a protecting strategy against foreign invaders. Tabanca N, Khan SI, Bedir E, et al. Phytother Res 2016;30:253-9. The body is a complex machine which creates, transforms, stores and breaks down various compounds and cellular components through vast network of biochemical pathways. Vitamin A replenishes damaged skin cells, minimizing appearance of scarring or stretch marks. Thanks for the information, How much of it should be used for a regular 8oz cup of tea, Hi Avril, Thank you for your comment! [45] Also, adding star anise to the diet significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme levels of super-oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-tranferase (GST), as well as the bodys own potent antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Liver is the main detoxification organ that uses many enzymes to process, filter and remove bodys byproducts and toxins. Ghoshegir SA, Mazaheri M, Ghannadi A, et al. Stager, J., Wuthrich, B., and Johansson, S. G. Spice allergy in celery-sensitive patients. The rich antioxidant content in this spice may support heart health by protecting the heart cells from oxidative stress and free radical damage. A 2018 study on yeast cells found that star anise may have anti-diabetic properties because of its polyphenols. The same compounds that give a sweet, licorice like flavours produce numerous health benefits. 2-21-2007;13(7):1112-1118. WebStar anise seeds contain chemicals that might have antibacterial effects. Twaij HA, Elisha EE, Khalid RM, Paul NJ. 2013 AHA/ACC J Am Coll Cardiol. View abstract. A 12-week trial using star anise significantly reduced many inflammatory causing proteins (cytokines) and plaque buildup within animal blood vessels. One of the major compounds within star anise is shikimic acid which is the primary ingredient used for the past 15 plus years to synthesize antiviral drug oseltamivir, known by the common name as Tamilflu. Effect of oil extracted from some medicinal plants on different mycotoxigenic fungi. I now understand why I slept so well after taking tea made from star anise. Estragole, a terpene and an isomer of anethole. Low bone mass affects tens of millions of people in North America and can lead to injury or bone related diseases like osteoporosis. Up next, well teach you about foods you need to avoid if you suffer from this disorder. You could try Star Anise Tea; we also offer a delicious version with Star Anise, other spices and black tea. Kassi E, Papoutsi Z, Fokialakis N, et al. Rodrigues VM, Rosa PT, Marques MO, et al. Summary Anise seed and its compounds may reduce hot flashes and prevent bone loss, but more research is needed. Chainy, G. B., Manna, S. K., Chaturvedi, M. M., and Aggarwal, B. [11] [3,10,15], 3.52 grams of Carbohydrates, about 2 grams of which is Fiber, 1.12 grams of Fats, big chunk of which are essential monounsaturated (also found in nuts, avocados and seeds) and polyunsaturated fats (omega-3 and omega-6), You can experience the sweet taste, fragrant smell and the multitude of star anise wellness listed above in our Dupis Chai, https://www.world-foodhistory.com/2012/06/history-of-star-anise-illicium-verum.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illicium_verum, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21549817, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25648987, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23675073, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658077X14000368, http://www.phytojournal.com/vol2Issue5/Issue_jan_2014/35.pdf, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030909, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814606008594, http://www.orientjchem.org/vol30no3/extraction-and-antioxidative-activity-of-essential-oil-from-star-anise-illiciumverum, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15368661, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25162032, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/beta-caryophyllene#section=Top, https://www.civilized.life/articles/terpene-profile-caryophyllene, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27474066, https://universityhealthnews.com/daily/heart-health/d-limonene-effective-for-lowering-cholesterol-naturally-and-much-more, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18072821, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11852640, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048357513001284, https://www.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2016/4595823/#B58, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23802452, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301770804_Repellency_of_anethole-_and_estragole-type_fennel_essential_oils_against_stored_grain_pests_The_different_twins, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25368036, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297698, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28449595, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27308645, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278229, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17373749, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11807977, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23579100, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20828316, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563634, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26553262, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286032659_Antifungal_effects_of_the_extracts_and_essential_oils_from_Foeniculum_vulgare_and_Illicium_verum_against_Candida_albicans, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501776, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24250540, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26442834_Evaluation_of_the_Prophylactic_Effect_of_Fennel_Essential_Oil_on_Experimental_Osteoporosis_Model_in_Rats, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25708856, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22635014, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26174316, https://academic.oup.com/japr/article/26/4/459/4158453, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081359, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17658503, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29158945, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28745237, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22464689, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318504997_MEDICINAL_BENEFITS_OF_ANISE_SEEDS_PIMPINELLA_ANISUM_AND_THYMUS_VULGARIS_IN_A_SAMPLE_OF_HEALTHY_VOLUNTEERS, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22709243, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid, https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/essential-oils/health-benefits-of-anise-essential-oil.html, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1995764514602017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine_neurotransmitter, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24919985, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27462555, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25767516, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26873392, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27765346, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27712859, https://www.myfitnesspal.com/food/calories/generic-star-anise-spice-powder-usda-complete-324483138, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907070, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-364/star-anise, Black Pepper Health Benefits | Comprehensive Guide, Evidence-based, Top 10 Anti-inflammatory Spices and Herbs, The most comprehensive guide to turmeric and fighting disease, Six Benefits of Using Star Anise A Key Ingredient of our Guyanese Chinese Five Spice Things Guyana, https://dupischai.com/star-anise-health-benefits/, https://www.superfoodly.com/star-anise-health-benefits-side-effects/, https://dupischai.com/product/elevate-looseleaf/. 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