This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. AQ` n& Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? 318 0 obj <>stream Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. 0 Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. In . It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? hb```lRB It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. Total: 129 a. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Knowledge awaits. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. %%EOF For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Let's Go! Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. 482 0 obj <>stream The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Thanks for reading Scientific American. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. View details . It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. 2 The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Scientists . The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. endstream endobj startxref 254 0 obj <> endobj Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. II. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. 255 0 obj <> endobj Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. a. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G 7. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. endstream endobj startxref Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Thanks for reading Scientific American. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. iU elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. 2. hb```lJB Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Key Concepts. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. 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