Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. The message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society. Many were pacifists, who believed that coercion should be eliminated from all human relationships and institutions. The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. Early nineteenth-century America was a time of reform. The most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodist and Baptist churches. In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. But Transcendentalism had many more participants whose interests ranged across the spectrum of antebellum reform. c. 1,341.001,341.001,341.00 The reform impulse was not solely confined to the United States; Europeans were also in the midst of their own reform efforts. An important example of the abolitionist voice in the South came from sisters from Charleston, South Carolina who had migrated north and become Quakers because of their abolitionism. \text{Advances from Customers}& 640,000 &660,000\\ Meanwhile in the United States, the movement lost steam during the 1840s and 1850s as the tensions between free and slave states escalated. Reformers worked to create public institutions to deal with the social problems. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. For some, the issue initially boiled down to access to the slave population and the ability to bring the message to a wider audience. In the 1800's a woman 'Belonged' to a man on marriage. b. Rumors spread across the South that the rebellion was not limited to Virginia; more African Americans were killed or arrested in Alabama, Virginia, and in other slaveholding states. Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. \quad\text{Total Assets}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ \textbf{Investments}\\ \text{Accounts Payable}& \$ 550,000 &\$ 400,000\\ Antebellum reform efforts aimed at perfecting the spiritual and social worlds of individuals, and as an outgrowth of those concerns, some reformers moved in the direction of ensuring the health of American citizens. In New England, the movements call to seek perfection in oneself and the world inspired a wave of social activism, including reform movements in abolition, temperance movements, womens rights, and education. Preachers and believers all over the country saw humankind and society as good and perfectible, able to improve and strive to become more like God. Transatlantic cooperation galvanized efforts to reform individuals' and societies' relationships to alcohol, labor, religion, education, commerce, and land ownership. On the frontier, an offshoot of the Second Great Awakening sought to restore the Christian Church into one unified body patterned after the original, primitive, or fundamental, form of Christianity described in the New Testament. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ Through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on the path to righteousness. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakenings basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. This led to a women's movement that would run side by side with the abolition movement for equal rights among all people that live in the United States. \text{Increase in Retained Earnings}&& \$ 2,200,000\\ Revivals also created a widely known group of respected black leaders, many among them preachers associated with the movement. \text{REVENUES}\\ Consolidated Balance Sheets Evangelical churches became tightlyknit communities that sought to transform society first as a force that determined and enforced values, morality, and conduct, and second, by outreach through moral reform societies that concentrated on reforming personal vices such as drinking, sexual misconduct, and gambling. The antebellum period (or era before the Civil War) was a time of social and moral reform. The exhibits present a partial set of financial statements of Chicago Corporation for 2013, including a consolidated statement of income and retained earnings for 2013 and consolidated comparative balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2013. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2012}&& 2,800,000\\ To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? \text{Accounts Receivable (Net of Estimated Uncollectibles}\\ Antebellum Convention Movement The antebellum convention movement consisted of a series of national, regional, and state conventions held by blacks in North America on an irregular basis from 1830 to 1861. A man could divorce his wife should she commit adultery but a woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery. \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. One of the most prominent abolitionists of the era was William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. Some of this came from a lack of understanding; in other cases, it was overt prejudice. 13 A House Divided - Revi, DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortization, BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000, DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionof, AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectibles, of$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013), LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization, TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Bible Survey- Final EXAM !!!! The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. Education would "equalize the conditions of men.". The influence of reason and rational thought is most clearly expressed in what religious tradition? \text{Prepayments}& 200,000 &200,000\\ Evangelical sects emphasized the resurrection of Christ, the primacy of scripture, the spiritual rebirth of believers, and the importance of proselytizing. There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ The Burned-Over District was not only the site of revivals of the Protestant denominations of the Second Great Awakening, but also the birthplace of new religious movements such as the Millerites, a millennial group who preached that the Second Advent (or second coming) of Jesus was imminent. In western New York, revival movements inspired many new religious sects as well as social reform. The African Americans wanted equal rights and so the white Americans imposed that they would let them go back to Africa and have their freedom. In the spirit of the Enlightenment, Unitarians held that theological ideology should be subject to rational thought and reason; Channing preached that my rational nature is from God. Unitarians attested to the oneness of God. As strict monotheists, Unitarians viewed Jesus as a saintly man, but not divine. Hudson River school of art: Americans painters also sought to achieve a sense of nationality in art. In 1816, proponents of colonization of freed slaves founded this society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. The health reform experience of the past decade does provide a number of more specific lessons for us. Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. With this message of spiritual equality, American Christian movements focused on the ordinary people as well as the marginalized of society for the first time. Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. The result was the creation of penitentiaries, which sought to transform criminals into law abiding citizens through hard work, religious instruction, and isolation from the corruption of social vices. The basic message was that salvation was something anyone could achieve: ordinary people could choose salvation through personal experience and living a righteous life. Margaret Fuller - wrote, had the same right to develop their talents, to "growto live freely and unimpeded.". Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. Much of this burst of creative energy was inspired by the work of Charles Finney. Born into slavery in Maryland in 1819, he escaped from slavery as a young man and spent the rest of his life devoting himself to the cause of freedom for all. Was used as an avenue to social advancement and was shared by the early labor movement, which made the establishment of common schools one of its goals. UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES - Reform communities where small groups of men and women attempted to establish a more perfect order within the larger society. Gender In the South, the Second Great Awakening fomented rebellion in the slave community. The Second Great Awakening and the movement in religious revival in the United States had a profound impact on the United States. In many cases, within the Garrisonian movement in particular, the role of the black speaker or the black writer or the black abolitionist was, in some ways, prescribed, as the famous case of Frederick Douglass' relationship with the Garrisionians. Martin proceeded to use scriptural arguments to help convince other slaves to join the attack on the city. When one of the conspirators proved hesitant to rebellion, Gabriel called on his brother to speak at a meeting of the conspirators to encourage them to action: outright rebellion. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two of the excluded delegates, united to form an organization that would speak for oppressed women. \text{Property Rights Acquired Under Lease}&1,500,000 &1,500,000\\ In the early nineteenth century, the United States was becoming a more diverse nation; the new varieties of Protestantism were one reflection of this change. For some women, church membership and the new Christian message offered more personal power and greater personal freedom, as becoming active in the church was considered to be acceptable feminine conduct. In either case, they often heard the same sermons, sang the same songs, and received the same message. 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, January 28, 1919 Download image resource Description The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1919, banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. Channings 1819 Unitarian Christianity sermon, which outlined many of the core beliefs of the new American sect, such as a belief in human goodness and rejection of the Trinity, inspired many churches to adopt Unitarianism. White abolitionists tended to see free and slave as two polar opposites; black abolitionists knew that there were varying degrees of freedom and slavery. The wealthy engaged private tutors and academies. What were the similarities between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? Prisons existed not to rehabilitate criminals for their eventual return to society but to house them until the time that they would be punished, most often by fines, public whipping, or execution, also a public spectacle. These movements were generally more active in the Northern states. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. The difference were common school and institution was open to all children and were getting educated, a free training for individuals. Both were popularly-rooted movements that emphasized conversion and a spiritual rebirth through personal religious experiences. Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. The book reports that there, Jesus visited the Nephites after his crucifixion and resurrection. The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ Moreover, her reports on jails also aided in the efforts to reform prisons. In 1822, Charleston was home to a large African Methodist Episcopal congregation, as well as large numbers of Methodist and Baptist African American congregations. Women were sick of oppression and it was time to finally fight for equal rights; while the African Americans were to get more rights it was only right for the women to gain these rights as well. Merchants with commercial ties to the South. 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